Women s Rights Of Women - 1094 Words

Throughout history, women have been considered inferior in many cultures. It was passed down from generation to generation as mothers taught their daughters to be submissive. In ancient Greece, women has no say in the selection of their spouse. Women were considered to be objects given by their father to the groom of his choosing. The tradition of the father â€Å"giving away† the daughter continues even to this day. The male is considered the head of the family. In Asian culture, it is still common for girls to be trained from a young age to be polite, refined and obedient. The examples throughout history are numerous and the same was true for the women in America. Although there are more women than men in the United States, they have been subjected to many of the same inequalities as a minority group. They have fought to overcome social, economic and political barriers. In the early 1800’s women were considered second class citizens. They were expected to care for the home and family. Women were not encouraged to obtain a formal education nor pursue a career. They could not own property after they were married and were prohibited from voting. Women realized that they were just as capable as males and were not content with their lesser status in society. This female empowerment became known as â€Å"women’s suffrage.† It is considered one of the most important American political movements in the 20th century. Suffrage was the movement to gain the rights of equal work, votes andShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, Chin a, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women15 90 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress womenâ€⠄¢s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Psychology †Biological Explanation of Eating Disorders Free Essays

Psychology Essay The biological approach suggests that AN is due a physical cause, suggesting it could be due to something within the body or brain; such as hypothalamus dysfunction or an imbalance of neurotransmitters. The hypothalamus dysfunction theory would suggest that animals have a â€Å"set weight† which is correct for their body, if this weight should increase or decrease then the body should make adjustments to regulate food intake to their â€Å"set weight†. The hypothalamus is thought to have quite a lot of control over our eating behaviour, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is considered to be the feeding switch that makes an individual begin to feed whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the satiety switch that makes an individual stop feeding. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology – Biological Explanation of Eating Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Garfinkel and Gardner (1982) suggested that a disturbed hypothalamus may be the cause of AN, they proposed that any disturbance could lead to either the LH or VMH to be constantly activated. In order to explain AN it is most likely that when the LH is damaged and that the individual never receives a signal (feeling hungry) to begin feeding, if the VMH were damaged then the individual would receive a constant signal to eat so they would never stop feeding. This supports the idea that AN might have a biological explanation, specifically brain dysfunction. Anand and Brobeck conducted an experiment involving the rats, they found that if the LH was damaged it could lead to aphagia (this is a failure to eat when hungry), this provides support for the idea that damage to the hypothalamus can lead to reduced eating which is support for the biological approach of AN. However, there are some concerns with this as the test was conducted with the use of animals so it’s hard to generalise the findings to humans. This is because humans and animals are biologically different so it’s hard to know if humans would respond in the same way if their LH was damaged. Additional research has shown us that when the VMH in rats is stimulated that it stops feeding, which again supports the suggestion that possible over activation of the VMH could result in reduced feeding. This research would also support the biological explanation of AN as if an individual has damage to their hypothalamus then it could result in reduced feeding which would then result in dramatic weight loss, as seen in sufferers of AN. However, this theory is reductionist as it suggests that the only explanation of AN is a biological reason, and it ignores other factors; like things such as stress or sexual abuse which can both lead to AN. Another biological explanation of AN would be that there is an imbalance of serotonin, which is usually associated with depression and anxiety; as disturbed levels of serotonin have been found in AN sufferers. It is also likely that eating disorders arise due to high levels of anxiety which is linked with high levels of serotonin in the body. Bailer et al (1970) compared serotonin activity in recovering anorexia suffers and healthy controls. They found significantly higher activity in the women that were recovering from anorexia, the highest levels found in those women with the highest anxiety levels. This also provides support for AN having a biological cause, in this case an imbalance of neurotransmitters. However, it’s difficult to establish cause and effect in Bailer’s research, this is because the women studied were already recovering from an eating disorder and so it’s impossible to know whether the imbalance of serotonin was the cause of the women’s AN or whether the AN causes an imbalance of serotonin, so it’s hard to know whether or not there is a biological cause of AN with these findings. In addition to this the research is also gender biased, in this case it’s alpha biased as only women were used in this study but it’s generalising the study to men as well. Bailer’s research also raises the debate of determinism vs. ree will. The biological approach is deterministic so if an individual has an imbalance of serotonin they will then develop an eating disorder, however this is ignoring our free will as an individual that exercises regularly will over their eating; this is noted in individuals who suffer from anxiety but donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t develop AN. Finally there is the evolutionary approach which suggests that all our behaviours are adaptive, which means that the reason we do certain things is to help us survive in a certain way; according to this theory AN is a behaviour which helps them survive. The evolutionary approach focuses on our ancestors, when weight loss and eating disorders weren’t a consideration and any weight loss would be a lack of food rather than a desire for â€Å"thinness†. Usually when an individual begins to love weight physiological mechanisms activate in order to conserve energy and increase desires for food, however it would not have been adaptive for our ancestors to feel hunger as there may not have been much food available to them, so instead it would be adaptive to â€Å"switch off† the desire so that they could then find food; in order to help our survival. Therefore many characteristics of AN can be considered adaptive to enable our ancestors to move to areas where there was more food rather than being preoccupied by looking for food in their current location. However, this theory doesn’t explain the differences of AN between genders, as girls are more affected by AN than boys; so if the behaviour was adapted then both men and women would be equally effected by this as both genders would have had to search for more food in other areas. An alternative approach to explaining how AN would come from the behaviour approach, which suggests AN is the result of learning rather than a biological explanation. This approach suggests that individuals suffer from AN because of reinforcement, so they have witnessed slim people (who become their role models) being rewarded for their behaviour so they imitate their behaviour in expectation of the same reward. How to cite Psychology – Biological Explanation of Eating Disorders, Essay examples

Demand and Supply in the Australian Market-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply in the Australian Property Market. Answer: Introduction The First Street Home Loans founder and an awarded broker in Australia Jeremy Fisher (2017), published an article in Your Mortgage magazine titled: Strong Demand and Limited Supply Boosting Property Prices. In this article, Fisher refers to a Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) report prepared by Michael Blythe, CBAs Chief Economist. This report notes that whereas there is a high demand for property in Australia, the supply of the same is low and this leads to price hikes. When referring to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) website, it is notable that residential property price index for all capital cities rose by an average of 2.2% in the first quarter of 2017. Fishers magazine article notes that according to the CBA report, the high property demand is attributed to a number of factors. Wade and Irvine (2017) take note that Australias housing market has recently attracted foreign investors, more so from China. First, it is argued that Australia is experiencing high population growth rates which then translate to an increased number of persons who need houses. These population increases are as a result of increased birth rates and increased immigration rates. Blythe argues that most immigrants are skilled and financially capable of purchasing properties which further increases the demand. Policy makers will benefit from the research results as they will gain insights of the best means to curb the problem. Analysis Various other analysts take cognizance of the state of the current property price index in Australia. Delmendo (2016) notes according to the UBS Global Real Estate Bubble Index, Sydneys housing market is ranked to be among those in the bubble risk. This view is shared by the International Monetary Fund and The Economist who have noted that the Australian housing market risk exist because prices remain overvalued. The question arises therefore whether the bubble in the current Australian housing market will bust. Burnsidey, Eichenbaumz and Rebelox (2015) argue that whereas some booms in prices in the housing market are likely to bust, other do not and generally, it is difficult to find fundamentals to be used in predicting the likelihood of a bust occurring. The image of the graph below shows the percentage increases in the residential property price index for all eight capital cities of the states in the March quarter: Fig: Residential property price index (% change) Source: Abs.gov.au (2017) The graph shows that most of the Australian cities are experiencing a rapid hike in prices. The United States real estate bubble that caused a recession around 2008 was as a result of credit facilities that were made easily available which culminated into a boom and a subsequent bust. The low interest rates as noted by Fishers magazine article therefore brings to the fore the question whether the attendant high demand will cause a boom and a subsequent burst as has been cautioned by the IMF and UBS. Delmendo (2016) further acknowledges that the price surge is as a result of increased immigration, rapid population growth rates and increased foreign investors who purchase over 20% of property annually. Fletcher and Kunzel (2015) noted that some territories recently introduced taxes and adopted strict lending standards to diminish the foreign demand in the future, Australia was able to sail through the 2007-2009 recession due to its lending standards that were strict compared to those of the United States and by a stimulus package for first home owners in some states. Given the current house prices, most states in Australia are ranked as among the most unaffordable housing markets. The explanation for this is that urban consolidation has limited and in some instances prohibited the construction of new houses on the urban fringe. Recommendations In order to prevent and mitigate the effects of a boom-bust cycle, policy reforms must take into consideration the need to achieve low household debts. Policy reforms could be aimed at boosting nominal incomes, reducing interest rates and boosting growth. Further, policy reforms could be adopted to assist household to acquire assets which may be used to offset debts. An example is Netherlands which respectively introduced tax exemptions that facilitated financial support by parents paying their childrens mortgage debts and the United States which allowed early access to pension savings to finance mortgage debts. To avoid a housing crisis, the government should introduce incentives such as gradual reduction of tax on mortgage interests and minimizing rent controls to allow flexibility in lease contracts. Further, measures should be employed to minimize the debt-income ratios which will limit borrowers ability to take larger mortgages likely to strain their ability to pay. On the issue of access to affordable houses in Australia, a few policy recommendations have been fronted while other writers note that the politicians are all talk but no action in implementing policies to make housing affordable. Due to the expected future increase in foreign demand, it is justifiable to induce levies on foreign housing investment as is the case in NSW and Victoria to afford locals an opportunity to acquire homes in the market. Further, it is encouraged that the government should consider implementing a KPMG report that recommended scraping stamp duty and in its place adopting broad-based land tax which will reduce upfront costs and encourage productive land use. Conclusion By this moment, it is unnecessary to reiterate the features of a boom-bust cycle in the housing market. In the housing market, booms are accompanied by such factors as slack lending standards, low interest rates and increased demand. These lead to hikes in prices and increased mortgage debts. A bust happens when indebted households are unable to pay their mortgages and increase consumption which necessitates low house prices and consequently, investments in new houses tumble. In sum, it is noteworthy that the property/housing market is the backbone of the Australian economy and therefore, the federal and state governments main concern should be to avoid a bust. The CBA report attributes the high demand to low interest rates which make the property market an attractive investment option to not only the Australian residents but also to foreign investors. The IMF and UBS have taken note of the risky position of the Australian housing market as a result if the overpricing. One may argue that the supply of houses is not the issue but the demand is outweighing the current supply. For this reason, the policy reforms that will reduce the demand as recommended should be adopted and at the same time, measures should be taken to ensure the supply is not limited Bibliography Abs.gov.au. (2017).Residential Property Price Indexes: Eight Capital Cities, Mar 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/510D8915596EEFE9CA257F1B001B0107?Opendocument [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Burnsidey, C., Eichenbaumz, M. and Rebelox, S. (2015).Understanding Booms and Busts in Housing Markets. [Pdf] Available at: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/rebelo/htm/Booms-busts.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Delmendo, L. (2016).Australias housing market weakens. [Online] Global Property Guide. Available at: https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Price-History [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Fisher, J. (2017).Strong Demand and Limited Supply Boosting Property Prices. [Online] Your Mortgage. Available at: https://www.yourmortgage.com.au/article/strong-demand-and-limited-supply-boosting-property-prices-186699.aspx [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Fletcher, K. and Kunzel, P. (2015).How to prevent housing bubble trouble. [Online] Sslcam.news.com.au. Available at: https://sslcam.news.com.au/cam/authorise?channel=pcurl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2fbusiness%2fbusiness-spectator%2fhow-to-prevent-housing-bubble-trouble%2fnews-story%2f1d5a5292f855e2fd46a8d1cd19e9fdfa [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Hartwich, O. (2017).13th Annual Demographia International Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.demographia.com/dhi.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Phibbs, P. (2017).Housing policy is captive to property politics, so dont expect politicians to tackle affordability. [Online] The University of Sydney. Available at: https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/03/11/housing-policy-is-captive-to-property-politics--so-dont-expect-p.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Wade, M. and Irvine, J. (2017).The good, the bad and stamp duty: how to solve Australia's housing crisis. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/the-green-amber-and-red-of-housing-affordability-policies-20170414-gvl9ci.html [Acces