College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation.† Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes.† It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones!—the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say?† is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much.† Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systemat ic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself.† His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.

Foundation and Empire Acknowledgments

The date was August 1, 1941. World War II had been raging for two years. France had fallen, the Battle of Britain had been fought, and the Soviet Union had just been invaded by Nazi Germany. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was four months in the future. But on that day, with Europe in flames, and the evil shadow of Adolf Hitler apparently falling over all the world, what was chiefly on my mind was a meeting toward which I was hastening. I was 21 years old, a graduate student in chemistry at Columbia University, and I had been writing science fiction professionally for three years. In that time, I had sold five stories to John Campbell, editor of Astounding, and the fifth story, â€Å"Nightfall,† was about to appear in the September 1941 issue of the magazine. I had an appointment to see Mr. Campbell to tell him the plot of a new story I was planning to write, and the catch was that I had no plot in mind, not the trace of one. I therefore tried a device I sometimes use. I opened a book at random and set up free association, beginning with whatever I first saw. The book I had with me was a collection of the Gilbert and Sullivan plays. I happened to open it to the picture of the Fairy Queen of lolanthe throwing herself at the feet of Private Willis. I thought of soldiers, of military empires, of the Roman Empire – of a Galactic Empire – aha! Why shouldn't I write of the fall of the Galactic Empire and of the return of feudalism, written from the viewpoint of someone in the secure days of the Second Galactic Empire? After all, I had read Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire not once, but twice. I was bubbling over by the time I got to Campbell's, and my enthusiasm must have been catching for Campbell blazed up as I had never seen him do. In the course of an hour we built up the notion of a vast series of connected stories that were to deal in intricate detail with the thousand-year period between the First and Second Galactic Empires. This was to be illuminated by the science of psychohistory, which Campbell and I thrashed out between us. On August 11, 1941, therefore, I began the story of that interregnum and called it â€Å"Foundation.† In it, I described how the psychohistorian, Hari Seldon, established a pair of Foundations at opposite ends of the Universe under such circumstances as to make sure that the forces of history would bring about the second Empire after one thousand years instead of the thirty thousand that would be required otherwise. The story was submitted on September 8 and, to make sure that Campbell really meant what he said about a series, I ended â€Å"Foundation† on a cliff-hanger. Thus, it seemed to me, he would be forced to buy a second story. However, when I started the second story (on October 24), I found that I had outsmarted myself. I quickly wrote myself into an impasse, and the Foundation series would have died an ignominious death had I not had a conversation with Fred Pohl on November 2 (on the Brooklyn Bridge, as it happened). I don't remember what Fred actually said, but, whatever it was, it pulled me out of the hole. â€Å"Foundation† appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding and the succeeding story, â€Å"Bridle and Saddle,† in the June 1942 issue. After that there was only the routine trouble of writing the stories. Through the remainder of the decade, John Campbell kept my nose to the grindstone and made sure he got additional Foundation stories. â€Å"The Big and the Little† was in the August 1944 Astounding, â€Å"The Wedge† in the October 1944 issue, and â€Å"Dead Hand† in the April 1945 issue. (These stories were written while I was working at the Navy Yard in Philadelphia.) On January 26, 1945, I began â€Å"The Mule,† my personal favorite among the Foundation stories, and the longest yet, for it was 50,000 words. It was printed as a two-part serial (the very first serial I was ever responsible for) in the November and December 1945 issues. By the time the second part appeared I was in the army. After I got out of the army, I wrote â€Å"Now You See It-† which appeared in the January 1948 issue. By this time, though, I had grown tired of the Foundation stories so I tried to end them by setting up, and solving, the mystery of the location of the Second Foundation. Campbell would have none of that, however. He forced me to change the ending, and made me promise I would do one more Foundation story. Well, Campbell was the kind of editor who could not be denied, so I wrote one more Foundation story, vowing to myself that it would be the last. I called it â€Å"-And Now You Don't,† and it appeared as a three-part serial in the November 1949, December 1949, and January 1950 issues of Astounding. By then, I was on the biochemistry faculty of Boston University School of Medicine, my first book had just been published, and I was determined to move on to new things. I had spent eight years on the Foundation, written nine stories with a total of about 220,000 words. My total earnings for the series came to $3,641 and that seemed enough. The Foundation was over and done with, as far as I was concerned. In 1950, however, hardcover science fiction was just coming into existence. I had no objection to earning a little more money by having the Foundation series reprinted in book form. I offered the series to Doubleday (which had already published a science-fiction novel by me, and which had contracted for another) and to Little-Brown, but both rejected it. In that year, though, a small publishing firm, Gnome Press, was beginning to be active, and it was prepared to do the Foundation series as three books. The publisher of Gnome felt, however, that the series began too abruptly. He persuaded me to write a small Foundation story, one that would serve as an introductory section to the first book (so that the first part of the Foundation series was the last written). In 1951, the Gnome Press edition of Foundation was published, containing the introduction and the first four stories of the series. In 1952, Foundation and Empire appeared, with the fifth and sixth stories; and in 1953, Second Foundation appeared, with the seventh and eighth stories. The three books together came to be called The Foundation Trilogy. The mere fact of the existence of the Trilogy pleased me, but Gnome Press did not have the financial clout or the publishing knowhow to get the books distributed properly, so that few copies were sold and fewer still paid me royalties. (Nowadays, copies of first editions of those Gnome Press books sell at $50 a copy and up-but I still get no royalties from them.) Ace Books did put out paperback editions of Foundation and of Foundation and Empire, but they changed the titles, and used cut versions. Any money that was involved was paid to Gnome Press and I didn't see much of that. In the first decade of the existence of The Foundation Trilogy it may have earned something like $1500 total. And yet there was some foreign interest. In early 1961, Timothy Seldes, who was then my editor at Doubleday, told me that Doubleday had received a request for the Portuguese rights for the Foundation series and, since they weren't Doubleday books, he was passing them on to me. I sighed and said, â€Å"The heck with it, Tim. I don't get royalties on those books.† Seldes was horrified, and instantly set about getting the books away from Gnome Press so that Doubleday could publish them instead. He paid no attention to my loudly expressed fears that Doubleday â€Å"would lose its shirt on them.† In August 1961 an agreement was reached and the Foundation books became Doubleday property. What's more, Avon Books, which had published a paperback version of Second Foundation, set about obtaining the rights to all three from Doubleday, and put out nice editions. From that moment on, the Foundation books took off and began to earn increasing royalties. They have sold well and steadily, both in hardcover and softcover, for two decades so far. Increasingly, the letters I received from the readers spoke of them in high praise. They received more attention than all my other books put together. Doubleday also published an omnibus volume, The Foundation Trilogy, for its Science Fiction Book Club. That omnibus volume has been continuously featured by the Book Club for over twenty years. Matters reached a climax in 1966. The fans organizing the World Science Fiction Convention for that year (to be held in Cleveland) decided to award a Hugo for the best all-time series, where the series, to qualify, had to consist of at least three connected novels. It was the first time such a category had been set up, nor has it been repeated since. The Foundation series was nominated, and I felt that was going to have to be glory enough for me, since I was sure that Tolkien's â€Å"Lord of the Rings† would win. It didn't. The Foundation series won, and the Hugo I received for it has been sitting on my bookcase in the livingroom ever since. In among all this litany of success, both in money and in fame, there was one annoying side-effect. Readers couldn't help but notice that the books of the Foundation series covered only three hundred-plus years of the thousand-year hiatus between Empires. That meant the Foundation series â€Å"wasn't finished.† I got innumerable letters from readers who asked me to finish it, from others who demanded I finish it, and still others who threatened dire vengeance if I didn't finish it. Worse yet, various editors at Doubleday over the years have pointed out that it might be wise to finish it. It was flattering, of course, but irritating as well. Years had passed, then decades. Back in the 1940s, I had been in a Foundation-writing mood. Now I wasn't. Starting in the late 1950s, I had been in a more and more nonfiction-writing mood. That didn't mean I was writing no fiction at all. In the 1960s and 1970s, in fact, I wrote two science-fiction novels and a mystery novel, to say nothing of well over a hundred short stories – but about eighty percent of what I wrote was nonfiction. One of the most indefatigable nags in the matter of finishing the Foundation series was my good friend, the great science-fiction writer, Lester del Rey. He was constantly telling me I ought to finish the series and was just as constantly suggesting plot devices. He even told Larry Ashmead, then my editor at Doubleday, that if I refused to write more Foundation stories, he, Lester, would be willing to take on the task. When Ashmead mentioned this to me in 1973, I began another Foundation novel out of sheer desperation. I called it â€Å"Lightning Rod† and managed to write fourteen pages before other tasks called me away. The fourteen pages were put away and additional years passed. In January 1977, Cathleen Jordan, then my editor at Doubleday, suggested I do â€Å"an important book – a Foundation novel, perhaps.† I said, â€Å"I'd rather do an autobiography,† and I did – 640,000 words of it. In January 1981, Doubleday apparently lost its temper. At least, Hugh O'Neill, then my editor there, said, â€Å"Betty Prashker wants to see you,† and marched me into her office. She was then one of the senior editors, and a sweet and gentle person. She wasted no time. â€Å"Isaac,† she said, â€Å"you are going to write a novel for us and you are going to sign a contract to that effect.† â€Å"Betty,† I said, â€Å"I am already working on a big science book for Doubleday and I have to revise the Biographical Encyclopedia for Doubleday and -â€Å" â€Å"It can all wait,† she said. â€Å"You are going to sign a contract to do a novel. What's more, we're going to give you a $50,000 advance.† That was a stunner. I don't like large advances. They put me under too great an obligation. My average advance is something like $3,000. Why not? It's all out of royalties. I said, â€Å"That's way too much money, Betty.† â€Å"No, it isn't,† she said. â€Å"Doubleday will lose its shirt,† I said. â€Å"You keep telling us that all the time. It won't.† I said, desperately, â€Å"All right. Have the contract read that I don't get any money until I notify you in writing that I have begun the novel.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† she said. â€Å"You'll never start if that clause is in the contract. You get $25,000 on signing the contract, and $25,000 on delivering a completed manuscript.† â€Å"But suppose the novel is no good.† â€Å"Now you're being silly,† she said, and she ended the conversation. That night, Pat LoBrutto, the science-fiction editor at Doubleday called to express his pleasure. â€Å"And remember,† he said, â€Å"that when we say ‘novel' we mean ‘science-fiction novel,' not anything else. And when we say ‘science-fiction novel,' we mean ‘Foundation novel' and not anything else.† On February 5, 1981, I signed the contract, and within the week, the Doubleday accounting system cranked out the check for $25,000. I moaned that I was not my own master anymore and Hugh O'Neill said, cheerfully, â€Å"That's right, and from now on, we're going to call every other week and say, ‘Where's the manuscript?'† (But they didn't. They left me strictly alone, and never even asked for a progress report.) Nearly four months passed while I took care of a vast number of things I had to do, but about the end of May, I picked up my own copy of The Foundation Trilogy and began reading. I had to. For one thing, I hadn't read the Trilogy in thirty years and while I remembered the general plot, I did not remember the details. Besides, before beginning a new Foundation novel I had to immerse myself in the style and atmosphere of the series. I read it with mounting uneasiness. I kept waiting for something to happen, and nothing ever did. All three volumes, all the nearly quarter of a million words, consisted of thoughts and of conversations. No action. No physical suspense. What was all the fuss about, then? Why did everyone want more of that stuff? – To be sure, I couldn't help but notice that I was turning the pages eagerly, and that I was upset when I finished the book, and that I wanted more, but I was the author, for goodness' sake. You couldn't go by me. I was on the edge of deciding it was all a terrible mistake and of insisting on giving back the money, when (quite by accident, I swear) I came across some sentences by science-fiction writer and critic, James Gunn, who, in connection with the Foundation series, said, â€Å"Action and romance have little to do with the success of the Trilogy – virtually all the action takes place offstage, and the romance is almost invisible – but the stories provide a detective-story fascination with the permutations and reversals of ideas.† Oh, well, if what was needed were â€Å"permutations and reversals of ideas,† then that I could supply. Panic receded, and on June 10, 1981, I dug out the fourteen pages I had written more than eight years before and reread them. They sounded good to me. I didn't remember where I had been headed back then, but I had worked out what seemed to me to be a good ending now, and, starting page 15 on that day, I proceeded to work toward the new ending. I found, to my infinite relief, that I had no trouble getting back into a â€Å"Foundation-mood,† and, fresh from my rereading, I had Foundation history at my finger-tips. There were differences, to be sure: 1) The original stories were written for a science-fiction magazine and were from 7,000 to 50,000 words long, and no more. Consequently, each book in the trilogy had at least two stories and lacked unity. I intended to make the new book a single story. 2) I had a particularly good chance for development since Hugh said, â€Å"Let the book find its own length, Isaac. We don't mind a long book.† So I planned on 140,000 words, which was nearly three times the length of â€Å"The Mule,† and this gave me plenty of elbow-room, and I could add all sorts of little touches. 3) The Foundation series had been written at a time when our knowledge of astronomy was primitive compared with what it is today. I could take advantage of that and at least mention black holes, for instance. I could also take advantage of electronic computers, which had not been invented until I was half through with the series. The novel progressed steadily, and on January 17, 1982, I began final copy. I brought the manuscript to Hugh O'Neill in batches, and the poor fellow went half-crazy since he insisted on reading it in this broken fashion. On March 25, 1982, I brought in the last bit, and the very next day got the second half of the advance. I had kept â€Å"Lightning Rod† as my working title all the way through, but Hugh finally said, â€Å"Is there any way of putting ‘Foundation' into the title, Isaac?† I suggested Foundations at Bay, therefore, and that may be the title that will actually be used 1. You will have noticed that I have said nothing about the plot of the new Foundation novel. Well, naturally. I would rather you buy and read the book. And yet there is one thing I have to confess to you. I generally manage to tie up all the loose ends into one neat little bow-knot at the end of my stories, no matter how complicated the plot might be. In this case, however, I noticed that when I was all done, one glaring little item remained unresolved. I am hoping no one else notices it because it clearly points the way to the continuation of the series. It is even possible that I inadvertently gave this away for at the end of the novel, I wrote: â€Å"The End (for now).† I very much fear that if the novel proves successful, Doubleday will be at my throat again, as Campbell used to be in the old days. And yet what can I do but hope that the novel is very successful indeed. What a quandary!

Academic Literacies through Sustainability

Sustainable tourism’s main purpose is to create a balance between the maintenance of cultural integrity, protection of the environment and establishing social justice while promoting economic benefits. These encompass the three pillars of sustainability that include economic, socio-cultural and environmental.   Various key sustainability issues need to be considered in each of these pillars to be able to achieve sustainable tourism. In the economic pillar, the tourism operators ought to hire and source locally to ensure that income earned benefits the local community by improving their living standards. In the environmental pillar, the natural and man-made environment should be conserved. This includes water sources, forests, monuments, natural landmarks among others. People should not litter to maintain the beauty of places they visit and utilize environmental conservation strategies like considering walking and not disturbing flora and fauna. In the socio-cultural pillar, the aim is to promote the positive socio-cultural impacts of tourism while reducing the negative impacts. Here, the positive factors include the exchange of cultural values where sustainability enhances protection of the cultural heritage of a particular people and preserving local traditions. An argument can be placed that the economic pillar should be prioritized as tourism mostly brings about economic growth. However, for there to be sustainable tourism, all pillars must be balanced and prioritized equally. This is so because if there were a prolonged recession, the environmental pillar would be affected substantially leading to its destruction as everyone would concentrate on high consumption now and forget to save the environment. On the other hand, if a war could break out the environment would be destroyed too.   For sustainable tourism to be achieved, all pillars must be prioritized and balanced.

Presentation of a Cultural Attraction Assignment

Presentation of a Cultural Attraction - Assignment Example In this assignment, the focus is on New Brunswick region of Canada, which provides a great exposure to tourists looking for experience in cultural tourism. New Brunswick of Canada is one of the three Maritime Provinces of the country (www.officialtourism.ca, 2009). The region has a high mixture of history and cultural diversity, which began around 3000 years ago, when the ancestors of the Aboriginal community came and settled in the region. Over the years, the traditions of English, Irish and Scottish also became quite prevalent when the natives of these regions also started to settle in the region (www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca-1, 2014). For tourists looking forward to having cultural experiences, the region offers multiple attractions like Kings Landing Historical Settlement, Village Historique Acadien, Monument-Lefebvre National Historic Site, Metepenagiag Hertiage Park, The Chocolate Museum, New Brunswick Museum and many others. However, among all the attractions, that is open for the tourists, the New Brunswick Museum stands out very prominently. Talking in details, it can be said that the New Brunswick Museum exposes the tourists to the rich cultural history as well as the natural diversity of the region (New Brunswick Museum, 2014). The visitors of the museum get the glimpse of the past history of the region along with the highly interesting marine life of the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Saint Lawrence (www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca-2, 2014). Both the tourist attractions are open to the tourists on a regular basis all around the year. A detailed analysis of the purpose of visits made by various visitors to New Brunswick revealed a very interesting picture. As per Statistics Canada’s travel based surveys, the primary reason for visit to New Brunswick is for visiting friends and relatively. This comprised around 49% of the visitors. 35% of the visitors cited the main reason for their visit to New Brunswick as vacation. In regards to the number of

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Politics - Essay Example In a while we will be discussing the details of these problems, with particular focus on the depletion of ozone layer, endangered species and hazardous wastes as described by science. One striking feature of these environmental problems is being global in nature. It does not merely cover one territory and cannot be entirely solved by an effort of one or few countries. Environmental science has coined the term, â€Å"transboundary† to refer to both environmental problems and solution which cross borders (David Humphreys 201). The term is specifically used for the environmental policy of protected areas, in which â€Å"a viable population of an endangered species, or provide sufficient land area for a vulnerable ecosystem, in a way that simply might not be possible by national level action alone† (David Humphreys). The global nature of the problem indeed calls for a global solution. The question that this paper wishes to answer is whether this global environmental problems can be solved effectively by international agreements. But before this, it would be fitting to ask if an international agreement is in the fist place possible. On the study of three environmental problems plus climate change, we will look at the definition of effectiveness of environmental policy to provide us with the standard of assessing current international policies. We will also need to take a look at how the problems are defined such as what exactly do the terms ‘depletion of ozone layer’, ‘endangered species’ and hazardous wastes mean. To arrive at the conclusion, we will have a close examination of the international agreements done so far and assess them carefully of indeed they have been effective. Lastly, we will assess the strengths and the constraints of international agreement on environmental policies. A Warming World, a book that tackles on the climate change issue and the policies adopted by the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 31

Assignment Example In the case of Motorola, the site makes explicit reference to the company being a Google firm, also connecting with its customers via the brand cachet of Google and its massive influence in technology and in the decision-making of technology buyers and enthusiasts. The Motorola brand and organization, in this case, leverages the strong brand image of Google among not just that subculture of smart phone users that are heavily into technology in general and in Android and smart phones in general, but also the general mass of consumers who are intimate with Google as both a provider of search and of advertising related to search. Here the Motorola brand makes use of the wide reach of Google through its popular mass media properties too, chief among them YouTube, to also further reinforce its attempt to lure in the mass market customers in different parts of the world. The marketing mix element of price, which is deliberately set low for its mass market phones, is reinforced by its lever aging the Google name in its web pages (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2014). In the case of music marketers like Tower, on the other hand, the key social influences relate to the way the site leverages music icons such as Michael Jackson, who by their stature even post-death constitute a heavy influence on the opinions of music consumers, to lure in a wide demographic of music lovers into its site (Tower.com, 2014). The literature states that certain products lend themselves to heavier advertising than others, because of various aspects of the product, such as the product’s being new; the complexity factor associated with the product and its features and benefits; the need to highlight differentiating factors of the product; intense competition; the novelty of the product requiring intensive education and explanation; and the product being of wide appeal to many different market segments for different purposes, requiring different advertisements that cater

Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Social Change - Essay Example Supply and demand for dangerous drugs is international and global. An important source of world opium, for example, is Afghanistan and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is anticipating that cultivation of opium in the Northern and North-Eastern regions of Afghanistan will likely increase â€Å"strongly† this 2011. For Cocaine, an important source is Columbia and the cocaine goes through several routes by various means of transportation and through several countries before going to Europe and, of course, the United States. Some of the transnational routes for cocaine are shown in Figure 1. Drug use is not only a problem of law enforcement. Several studies confirm that it is a social problem. Several studies of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse in 1980, for example, pointed out that the drug problem arose because of social factors. On the other hand, a 1995 study of the United Nations International Drug Program indicated that the drug problem will have social consequences. Addressing the use of illegal drugs and narcotics require more than a cloak-and-dagger and police work approaches as it is a social problem in the first place. There is a need to work on both the supply and demand sides of the social problem. On the supply side, there is a need for at least five initiatives. First, there is a need to strengthen international cooperation and sharing of intelligence towards exposing and destroying the international networks engaged in illegal drugs and narcotics. This means that current efforts on the sharing intelligence must be supported. Most likely, the world has the technological capability to identify the plantations that are likely being used as the raw materials for producing drugs. This is one important piece of intelligence that must be shared worldwide. Volumes of drug transports require large ships, planes, and the like for international transport. In some of the

Shift-share analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Shift-share analysis - Case Study Example Thus, fewer jobs created 61 within the trade sector than had it been performing as compared to the Canada (Stimson, Stough & Roberts, 2006). Moreover, this has resulted in massive concern to the regional authorities due to its identification as one of the primary growth sectors within its 5-year economic. Cape Breton Sydney experienced a 5.0% decrease in the manufacturing employment from the 2009-2014 while total provincial manufacturing employment declined by 3.6%. It elaborates the massive local shift number for this underlying sector. Thus, the prevailing manufacturing sector within Nova Scotia is shifting away during the period. Moreover, it is a relatively better measure of the sector’s growth. Construction industry possesses regional shift-share of 1.172 designating that there were approximately 1100 jobs created in the sector as compared in across Canada. It is the relatively better measure of the sector’s development (Stimson, Stough & Roberts, 2006). The construction sector is shifting towards Halifax during the period. The experienced a 57.1% growth of the employment in the sector. Canada Atlantic Nova Scotia Cape Breton Sydney’s biggest positive shifts were towards construction as well as other services. It is mainly shifting away from the primary industries, accommodation and food service In summation, the data depicts within the duration of the national affluence, and Cape Breton Sydney is mainly prosperous coupled with the experiencing of speedy development of a progressively expanded local economy. The trend will be primarily be determined by vigilant opinion and corresponding informed

Alcatraz Prison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcatraz Prison - Research Paper Example Alcatraz is located on Alcatraz Island, which is right outside San Francisco Bay. It earned its name from Juan Manuel de Ayala who named the island La Isla de los Alcatraces, which means island of the pelicans. Since its creation Alcatraz has served as an institution for multiple prisoners such as a military prison and then as a federal prison. The earliest history has the island serving as a prison for those in the Civil War. After serving as a military prison, it was turned over to the federal government in 1933. During this time it housed some of the most dangerous criminals of all time. It was closed in 1963 and now serves as a historical site, which can be toured by the public. In 1847, the United States Army began a topographical survey of the island assessing it’s potential due to the fact it was isolated, small, and had relatively little flora and fauna. The United States Army Corps of Engineers was called in and began construction of a military fortress. Another reaso n that the United States created this as a military prison was due to the fact that it had extremely strong and freezing currents, which would prevent escape of prisoners. It has housed military prisoners not only from the Civil War, but also from the Spanish-American War. It was considered a harsh facility due to the fact of military discipline and corporal punishment. The cellblocks in the island were divided into three levels and each level housed criminals who did a particular crime. There were also perks and privileges that were associated with each level i.e. Reading time, being able to write letters, etc. Unlike traditional prisons today in which inmates spend a majority of time in their cells, the military prisoners were only allowed to return to their cells in order to sleep. During the day, they were on work details in which they would be assigned work details based on their skill level and what was required, not unlike how duties in the military are assigned today. The de cline of the military presence was actually due to public dislike. They felt that the sterility and harshness of the island was an eyesore and wanted it renovated to look more pleasing. Unfortunately, this was also the time where the Great Depression was starting to set in and the military abandoned its investments there as it was closed in 1934 (â€Å"History of Alcatraz Island†). Before the prison could start taking on civilian prisoners, the federal government had to convert it and make sure that the island was reformed so that no prisoner could escape. It would end up costing the federal government around $260,000. The military buildings were renovated and new technology such as thicker windows and better bars were implemented to replace the outdated materials. There was also limited travel allowed and/or near the island. The restriction was only for government owned ships to come near the island. Thick iron gates were placed which kept everything contained and was only a ccessible via keys that the guards had. Electricity was rewired into all of the cells, as unlike the military counterparts, the prisoners, especially the dangerous ones, would be housed there. Prisoners also had access to a library, which contained many different types of literature that a person could read. There were also other amenities such as services and a chaplain that were

Uses of coal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Uses of coal - Research Paper Example Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat bogs. The energy we get from coal today comes from the energy that plants absorbed from the sun millions of years ago. All living plants store solar energy through a process known as photosynthesis. When plants die, this energy is usually released as the plants decay. Under conditions favorable to coal formation, the decaying process is interrupted, preventing the release of the stored solar energy. The energy is locked into the coal. Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period - known as the first coal age - which spanned 360 million to 290 million years ago. The build-up of silt and other sediments, together with movements in the earth's crust - known as tectonic movements - buried swamps and peat bogs, often to great depths. With burial, the plant material was subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This caused physical and chemical changes in th e vegetation, transforming it into peat and then into coal. (World Coal Association) Coalification The quality of each coal deposit is determined by: varying types of vegetation from which the coal originated depths of burial temperatures and pressures at those depths length of time the coal has been forming in the deposit The degree of change undergone by a coal as it matures from peat to anthracite is known as coalification. Coalification has an important manner on coal's physical and chemical properties and is referred to as the 'rank' of the coal. Ranking is determined by the degree of transformation of the original plant solid to carbon. The ranks of coals, from those with the least carbon to those with the most carbon, are lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite. Initially the peat is transformed into lignite or 'brown coal' - these are coal-types with low organic maturity. In contrast to other coals, lignite is quite soft and its color can array from dark black to various shades of brown. Over many more millions of years, the continuing effects of temperature and pressure produces further change in the lignite, progressively increasing its organic maturity and transforming it into the range known as 'sub-bituminous' coals. (World Coal Association) Further chemical and physical changes occur until these coals became harder and blacker, forming the 'bituminous' or 'hard coals'. Under the right conditions, the progressive increase in the organic maturity can continue, finally forming anthracite. (World Coal Association) In addition to carbon, coals contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and varying amounts of sulphur. High-rank coals are high in carbon and therefore heat value, but low in hydrogen and oxygen. Low-rank coals are low in carbon but high in hydrogen and oxygen content. Coal is one of the world’s most important sources of energy, fuelling almost 40% of electricity worldwide. In many countries this figure is much higher: Poland rel ies on coal for over 94% of its electricity; South Africa for 92%; China for 77%; and Australia for 76%. Coal has been the world’s fastest growing energy source in recent years – faster than gas, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewables (The Coal Resource). Coal has a very long and varied history. Some historians believe that coal was first used commercially in China. There are reports that a mine in northeastern China provided coal for smelting copper and for casting coins around 1000 BC. One of the earliest known references to coal was made by the Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle, who referred to a charcoal like rock. Coal cinders found among Roman ruins in England indicate that the Romans used energy from coal before AD 400. Chronicles from the Middle Ages provide the first evidence of coal mining in Europe and even of an international trade as sea coal from exposed coal seams on the English coast was gathered and exported to Belgium. (The Coal Resource). Coal ha s played this significant role for centuries –

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay Example for Free

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay Jonathan King Ag 101 September 16, 2012 Current Issues in Horticulture- Kale in Kenya I am going to go into the Horticultural field and one of the issues facing horticulture today is solving world hunger. Kenya is a nation that mostly lives in poverty, The United States and other countries are trying to help the Kenyan poverty problem by researching different food that can grow there along with trying to improve the food that they already have. A big crop in Kenya is kale because it costs so little to produce and the name sakuma wiki the Kenyan name for kale loosely translated means that it can sustain people throughout the week due to its extreme affordability, particularly for those who earn a dollar and below a day. The kale in Kenya is poor quality and it yields easily to diseases like black rot and leaf spot. Through a collaborative research project investigating the poor quality of kale seeds in parts of Kenya a team found that the best kale plants in Kenya originate from Kinale, a forested region north of Nairobi on the edge of the rift valley. The plants were then took to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and propagated to obtain clean, disease-free seed. Five lines of kale were developed and two of them did very well once the seed was tested in different parts. The propagated seed flowered later thus making the crop produce longer and had a better color with a sweeter flavored leaf. By using Horticulture the problem of hunger in Kenya is being addressed by diversifying kale to improve food and nutrition and to improve the economy by making a better plant that people would want to buy and eat.

1malaysia Concept Essay Example for Free

1malaysia Concept Essay These elements comprise A Culture of Excellence in performing all duties and responsibilities; A Culture of Precision in terms of time management and improving efficiency; Courage to innovate and explore new opportunities; Meritocracy in assigning tasks to those best fit to execute them in accordance with the Federal Constitution and national policy; unwavering Loyalty to our country; Perseverence in the face of adversity of any kind and Integrity in all matters and transactions. The inculcation of these Aspirational Values will distinguish ourselves as a powerful, respected and admired Malaysian Community, befitting the identity of a thriving and developed nation. In delivering its commitment to the Rakyat, the government presented the theme â€Å"People First, Performance Now† as part of the 1Malaysia concept. This theme signifies that while reinforcing the call for unity amongst Malaysians, the government will also prioritise issues that the Rakyat feel strongly about. The government also places great weight upon the performance and results of all public servants when engaging with the Rakyat. In other words, the government recognises the importance of the efficiency and quality of public service in enhancing the quality of life for the Rakyat, hence the adoption of a people-friendly approach in all government agencies is critical. In view of this, a Key Performance Index (KPI) will be implemented in all government matters, beginning with the KPI monitoring exercise for all Ministers. A Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department is already assigned specifically to ensure the smooth implementation of the KPI. The Minister responsible will provide further details on the KPI and a detailed system of implementation to fulfill this government objective. Such initiatives are expected to produce significant changes not only in government administration, but more importantly to lead to the betterment of the Malaysian people’s standard of living. Above all, 1Malaysia â€Å"People First, Performance Now† is expected to generate a definitive transformation, towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly united people, and esteemed by the world.

Importance of Communication Skills Essay

Importance of Communication Skills Essay Communication is very important for all beings. Animals and humans, alike, use their own separate languages to communicate with one another, because no one can survive without communicating. Communication skills are a part of the spoken and written language. These are the extra factors, which complete a communication process. Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and ideas with the intention of conveying information. Communication is a two way street that includes vocalization as well as gesticulation. The purpose of communication is to convey ones beliefs, ideas, thoughts or needs with clarity so as to reach a consensus or a mutually acceptable solution. The importance of communication skills cannot be underestimated. It has been known, that long before when language was yet to be invented, people used hand gestures, body language etc to converse with one another. Good communication skills are necessary in all walks of life. The lack of effective communication skills has a negative impact on the personal as well as professional life of a person. Good communication skills are a prerequisite for professionals, in all walks of life. For example: Ineffective communication, rather than incompetence, precludes the doctor from conveying to the patient that the former has the best interests of the patient in mind. For instance, a doctor may be knowledgeable and may have considerable expertise in his area of work. However, a patient may feel neglected or ignored if the doctor is not particularly good at communicating. The disillusioned patient may also consider getting a second opinion. A simple miscommunication, especially when a one is ill, makes one feel awful. A good health care provider, who is able to put patients at ease with a few comforting gestures and words, will definitely be an asset to any hospital. A teacher, who is able to communicate well with students, can inspire them to learn and participate in class. Workplace communication can be improved by participating in a facilitated workshop. A workshop facilitator needs to be able to communicate. Without effective communication, even the goal of workshop facilitation cannot be realized. The facilitator needs to be able to identity dormant participants and encourage them to come forth with their views without seeming overly patronizing. All this is impossible unless the facilitator has astounding communication abilities coupled with a natural empathy towards fellow beings. Good communication skills are an invaluable asset to a sales person also, since he/she is entrusted with the task of convincing the prospective buyer about the wisdom of investing in a product. This is done by assessing the needs of the buyer and suggesting a product that would meet the buyers requirements. The product may offer a vast array of easy to use features that would definitely help in improving the quality of life of the user. Who is better to convince the buyer, about the multitude of features that the product has to offer, than a salesperson with a flair for words! While the importance of verbal communication cannot be underestimated, one cannot do away or ignore written communication. A simple billboard, carrying a well written message, manages to hold our attention at a crossing. Authors have been mesmerizing voracious readers by the power of their words. The enthralled reader flips through the pages, reading well into the night, without giving much thought to the mode of communication. The above examples would have clearly illustrated the importance of communication skills. Communication does not refer only to articulating words. Using sign language and the sense of touch to express and feel are also important modes of communication. Ultimately, communication should be effective. As long as there is clarity in communication, the goal of communication will be accomplished. There are several ways, through which a person, can enhance their communication skills. And people require these extra methods, to grow and improve their existing language. Some techniques are that, People can attend workshops, or they can read about the topic. Certain authors have come up with self help books, which make the task of understanding the concept very simple. And people, can practice, skills like writing etc. This will allow them to improve their written language and communication skills. Communication skills are a required for maintaining relationships also. When with friends and relatives, good communication skills are needed to avoid confusion, miss-communication and fights etc So, effective communication skills are very important, for sustaining in the society. Most people judge another person on the basis of his/her body language and form an opinion based on their perception. Hence, effective communication skills are as important to humans as, growling is to a dog, to communicate and express himself. What the spoken language fails to express ,that is easily expressed with certain hand and facial gestures. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would hope to keep my power of communication for by it I would regain all the rest. Woody Allen WHAT IS COMMUNICATION Communication is the method by which people share their ideas, information, opinions and feelings. People sharing ideas, information, opinions and feelings may contribute to the operations of teams and the work of individuals. Communication is a two-way activity between two or more people. There are various modes of communication, some of which are used more commonly in some workplaces than others. Transfer of information and knowledge from source to receiver. Its the process by which the sender/ source reaches the receiver/ destination with thoughts, ideas, feelings, facts values. Successful communication is said to be accomplished when the receiver not only receives the message but also accept, interpret and use it in the manner intended by the source Communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes from one person to another. Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. ITS ESSENCES: PERSONAL PROCESS OCCURS BETWEEN PEOPLE INVOLVES CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR MEANS TO INFLUENCE OTHERS EXPRESSION OF THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS THROUGH WORDS AND ACTIONS. TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING AND MOTIVATING PEOPLE. IT IS A SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL PROCESS Communication is the most important way of expressing any feeling towards any person or thing. There are various forms of verbal and non verbal communication. Human evolved in life through communicating his thinking and understanding others point of view. Communication help people relate, interact, understand, believe and get connected to others. Globalization is also a result of communication. Communication is required everywhere, be it business, personal life, entertainment or for knowledge. Communication can be a one way or a two way process, depending on the way people react. For instance, some times while a teacher is trying to interact with the students, students dont respond, therefore, although it was to be a two way communication it has became a one way communication process. Communication as already talked about helps in gaining knowledge, interacting with other communities, and provides entertainment. The various forms of entertainment through communication are: novels, newspapers, bulletins, online interactions, watching TV, talk shows, etc. According to me the best way of communication is reading, this helps you gain knowledge, helps you invest your time with yourself and is also a means of entertainment. If a person wants to gain knowledge then he can approach to some biographies, or newspapers or magazines. This will help the person know the world around him in a better manner. For some more people who want both can go for fiction or again biographies as in a biography you try to live the life of another person which will for sure provide you the insight and entertain you for time being. In recent days I was reading a few short stories of Manto  [1]  , who has written them in order to give his point of view and his experiences at the time of Indo-Pakistan partition. His stories informed me a lot about the kind of people living in India, their mindset and their liking and disliking. I was to some extend able to relate to all those stories. One of the most terrific story was The Assignment it is a story about a Muslim boy who comes to a Hindu family to give them a pack of sweets as his father has asked him to do so on the eve of some Hindu festival. The Hindu family is very afraid of the man but finally allows him in. the boy give the pack of sweets to them and goes away, and after him comes a huge crowd which burn this family to a crisp. There was another short story about the people in army, at the point of partition they were asked to go to the country according to their religions, some did but others did not. In this chaos were two real brothers one remained in India and the other went to Pakistan. After a few years a war broke between the two countries and both these brothers were standing in front of each other, giving the order for the battle. One of the brother died on the spot, and the other dig his grave, there it self and carried on with his work. These kinds of stories help you understand what the scenario of the people was at that point in time. According to me, reading helps one gain imaginations power and it is a self depended thing, for watching TV its a must that some good thing is coming on it, and you do need electricity. Communication is the articulation of sending a message through different media, whether it be verbal or nonverbal, so long as a being transmits a thought provoking idea, gesture, action, etc. Communication is a learned skill. Most babies are born with the physical ability to make sounds, but must learn to speak and communicate effectively. Speaking, listening, and our ability to understand verbal and nonverbal meanings are skills we develop in various ways. We learn basic communication skills by observing other people and modeling our behaviors based on what we see. We also are taught some communication skills directly through education, and by practicing those skills and having them evaluate COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN HUMANS THROUGH: SPEECH Evolution of the brain differentiated humans from animals, as among other things it allowed humans to master a very efficient form of communication speech. SYMBOLS The imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, improving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the information. All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a concept. CAVE PAINTINGS The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art, dating to the Upper Paleolithic. Just as the small child first learns to draw before it masters more complex forms of communication, so homo sapiens first attempts at passing information through time took the form of paintings. PICTOGRAMS A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. IDEOGRAMS Pictograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form: therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like heat, light, day or Great God of the Sun. Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more abstract concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only legs but also a verb to walk. WRITING The oldest-known forms of writing were primarily logographic in nature, based on pictographic and ideographic elements. Most writing systems can be broadly divided into three categories: logographic, syllabic and alphabetic (or segmental); however, all three may be found in any given writing system in varying proportions, often making it difficult to categorise a system uniquely. Communication can often be improved by identifying the appropriate media. Written, verbal or electronic methods, while impersonal, are fast and can be effective. Meetings, interviews and video conferencing require personal, face to face communication and thus interpersonal skills. Telephone and public address systems should be used only where personal communication methods are difficult. Written communication is very often the most suitable and clearest means of communication and can take many forms: memoranda; occasional or annual reports (fundamental in communicating accounting information); forms; notices; house journals and other forms of standard documentation such as rules and procedures, manuals and job descriptions. Visual communication is a powerful communication media and is often overlooked. Charts, slides, videos or films provide an immediate and clear message. Electronic means of communication are increasingly becoming more relevant. Document imaging, telex, fax, the Internet and e-mail are instantaneous and provide clear and fast communication possibilities. The type of communication and the medium used will depend to a greater or lesser extent on organizational structure. This will in turn be a function of the product or service and its environment. There are many forms of communication within an organization, formal and informal. Generally, in formal organizations information flows through quite clear channels and in defined directions. Traditionally, the direction of the three main information flows is downward, upward and lateral. CONCLUSION Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after. The colossal misunderstanding of our times is the assumption that insight will work with people who are unmotivated to change. Communication does not depend on syntax, or eloquence, or rhetoric, or articulation; but on the emotional context in which the message is being heard. People can only hear you when they are moving toward you, and they are not likely to when your words are pursuing them. Even the choicest words lose their power when they are used to overpower. Attitudes are the real figures of speech. Some proverbs When people talk, listen completely. Most people never listen The problem with communication is the illusion that is has been accomplished. The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously. Communication works for those who work at it. John Powell

Socrates Last Error Essay -- Philosophy Papers

Socrates' Last Error In the dialogue, Crito, Socrates justified his decision to accept his death penalty. His decision was praised as principled and just. However, such a view was one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to the accepted ideas, I wish to show that Socrates’ argument was erroneous, the crucial error being his failure to distinguish between substantial and procedural justice. In fact, the whole of the Crito refers to some deeper problems of the philosophy of law and morality. The dialogue "Crito" recounts Socrates' last days, immediately before his execution. As the text reveals, his friend Crito proposes to Socrates that he escape from prison. In a dialogue with Crito, Socrates considers the proposal, trying to establish whether an act like that would be just and morally justified. Eventually, he came to argue that by rejecting his sentence and by trying to escape from prison he would commit unjust and morally unjustified acts. Therefore, he decided to accept his death penalty and execution. Because of his decision, he became one of the cult figures in the history of philosophy, a man of intact moral integrity who had made his final decision according to the very same principles that guided his entire life. He was praised as a grand rationalist who had acted rationally and justly—a view which, I believe, represents one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to this widely accepted myth, I will try to demonstrate that Socrates' argument was erroneous, which made his decision less rational. In fact, had he decided to escape, his behavior would not have represented an unjust act. Although his argumentation and dialogue with Crito seem more like a moral sermon, his ... ... of Law and State, p. 113. (2) Hart, The Concept of Law, p. 203. (3) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I-II, question 95. (4) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 125-6. (the year of publication unknown). (5) Ibid. p. 126. (6) Ibid. p. 126. (7) H. L., Hart, The Concept of Law, ch. VIII, and D., Lyons, Ethics and the rule of law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 78 ff, (8) D., Lyons, Ethics and the Rule of Law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 81. (9) Plato, The Apology, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 91. (the year of publication unknown). (10) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 129. (the year of publication unknown). (11) Ibid., 124. (12) Ibid., 124. (13) St. Augustine, Confessions, IV.

Potemkin :: essays research papers

Setting: While originally filmed to commemorate the 1905 revolution in Russia, Potemkin was actually shown to rouse the masses against the Russian government. The film takes place on three major settings. The battleship Potmekin serves as the first backdrop where the revolution begins. The setting shifts to the Odessa Steps when the sailors arrive with Vakulinchuk ‘s body. Here the Russian soldiers attempt to squelch the uprising by shooting and trampling the crowds which had gathered on the steps. The final scenes take place on the water. The Potemkin sails out to confront the Russian ships, but the sailors eventually realize that the other soldiers had joined them in their revolt. Atmosphere: The atmosphere of the film is dramatic and therefore easily holds the attention of the viewer. Einstein effectively uses the element of suspense to involve the audience. At the start of the film, the sailors were not very willing to cause any commotion or problems. However, once they were confronted with the possibility of being hanged and became fed up with eating rotten meat, they rallied around Vakulinchuk. The mood of the film changed several times. While the main theme was rebellion against the Soviets, there were other emotions portrayed also. When Vakulinchuk’s body was brought ashore for viewing, there was overwhelming anger and sadness felt by many in the crowds. After the people decided to revolt, they mood became much lighter as they took food, coal, and water to the sailors. This joyous time was immediately brought to a halt when the Russian soldiers began marching down the Odessa Steps. Eisenstein again used suspense in these scenes by quickly flashing pictures of the mother with her baby carriage and the approaching soviet â€Å"machine†. Conflict: The film’s major conflict is between the revolting sailors and the Russian officers of the Potemkin. The Russian citizens also become involved in the conflict once Vakulinchuk’s body is viewed. The conflict continues until the Potemkin sails out to meet the Russian fleet. The climax occurs when the two ships face each other in a suspenseful moment.

Compare and Contrast All Quiet on the Western Front and Dulce et Decoru

The poem "Dulce et decorum est" by Wilfred Owen has a lot In common with "All Quiet on the Western Front." By Erich Remarque although Remarque never fought in the 1st World War. The Imagery in the prose is more detailed as it has more time to describe everything "The fields are flat." Some people think that this is better and it gives it a bit more feeling. Were as in the poem, Owen uses lots of short hard hitting words such as "Obscene as cancer" The poem gives a much more immediate effect in a shorter space of time. The imagery in the poem is quick and dramatic. The titles of the pieces are ironic "All Quiet on the Western Front" and "dulce et Decorum est" which means it is fitting and right. In the Poem everything is tired in the first stanza "Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines" This is a hyperbole as bombs don't become tired. The whole of the war became a sluggish battle. It is also a slow pace to start with in the prose with men looking forward to getting back the huts for some rest. "I wish I were back home. Home - he means the huts" In the second Stanz...

Washington, Adams, Jefferson Presidencies

Washington, Adams,and Jefferson Presidencies Washington Inauguration elected by electoral college unanimously April 30, 1789 1st real test of constitution defined lots of roles and traditions of executive Washington's Crew Sec. Of State- Jefferson Sec. Of Treasury- Hamilton Sec. Of War- Henry Knox Attorney General- Edmund Randolph Pres. met with these men regularly for advice on major policies Creating Court System only court mentioned in the constitution was supreme court Judiciary act of 1789- one chief justice and 5 associate judges could make decisions on constitutionality 3 district courts and three circuit courts of appeals Hamilton to address the govt. financial difficulties assumption- consolidate debts from states to natl. govt. and pay off protect the â€Å"infant† industries- high tariffs to collect duties on all imported goods and limit competition natl. bank- depositing govt. funds and print bank notes to stabilize US currency Arguments of the national bank Elasti c clause- can create laws which are necessary and proper loose constructionist constitution permitted everything not expressly forbidden Washington agreedFeared that states would lose power that the federal govt. gained strict constructionist forbade everything it didn’t permit weak central govt. in favor of states Birth of Political Parties Federalist- Hamilton, Adams and Marshall aristocracy encouraged industry favored alliance w/ great Britain strong central govt. Dem-Republicans-Jefferson and Madison associated w/ masses development of agriculture Washington and NA's Indian intercourse act 1790- congress regulate trade w/ Indians and western land acquired by treaty Americans continued to settle on Indian lands ed to bloody scrimmages TIMMMMMMMMBBBBEERRRRRRR! Battle of Fall Timbers NW Ohio US army led by General Anthony Wayne defeated some Indians Treaty of Greenville Ohio territory given to Americans and open to settlement Whiskey Rebellion angered by excise tax on distil led whiskey small band of PA farmers march toward Philly attacking tax collectors on the way Washington sent 15,000 troops led by Hamilton causes rebellion to collapse Jefferson disagrees new govt proves effective in handling crisis West SideAfter states gave up western land claims congress encouraged western settlement Public Land Act (1796) orderly procedures for dividing selling federal lands at a reasonable price VT '91 KY '92 TN '96 Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) believed America could not handle a European war went against popular belief and chose to stay out of war Jefferson resigned from the cabinet in disagreement Disrespecting Washington French minister Edmond Genet continued pressure Washington after Proclamation broke all and talked directly to the people to support the French WA wanted ambassador removedJefferson supported the removal french recalled Genet remained in US and became citizen Jay Treaty (1794) Jay was sent to Britain to talk about seizures of US ships B ritain agreed to withdraw troops and pay damages for ships America agreed to pay debts angered French supporters maintained neutrality Pinckney Treaty effect of Jay Treaty Spain wanted to consolidate holdings in America Thomas pinckney minister to Spain Spain agreed to open lower Mississippi and New Orleans to America without paying duties Spain agreed to accept US claims to Florida’s northern boundary US agreed on nonaggression in WestWashington's Farewell Address wrote letter to American people warned about : not getting into European affairs, no political parties, no permanent alliances, avoid sectionalism left after two terms and set the precedent for future presidents Election of 1796 active political parties participated in election federalist candidate- John Adams Dem-Republican candidate-Jefferson Adams won by three votes Jefferson became vice president runner-up becomes vice presidents XYZ Affair French warships and privateers began seizing American merchant ships Ad ams sent delegation to Paris to negotiate inisters known as XY and Z requested bribes to enter negotiations America Reacts millions for defense but not one cent for tribute most Americans were outraged and wanted war with France Adams popularity sky rocketed when he refused and raised and army led by Hamilton waged undeclared naval war convention of 1800- no more alliance and don’t have to pay for cargo Federalist strengthen public anger against France strengthened the federalist in congress hoped to enact laws to limit their political opponentsNaturalization Act ncreased the years needed to become a US from 5 to 14 years most immigrants voted Dem-Republican Violating Rights to prevent french revolutionaires from entering the country and crippling Dem-Republicans Alien acts- authorized the president to deport any aliens considered dangerous Sedition act- made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize govt. KY and VA resolutions state legislatures enacted nullifying laws o f alien and sedition acts KY and VA adopted a resolution- written by Jefferson and Madison both declare states had a right to nullify a federal law Judiciary Act of 1801 o ensure that federalists would continue to control courts Adams used this to add last minute appointments known as â€Å"midnight judges† Marbury v. Madison John Marshall ruled that supreme court did not have power over Jefferson judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional Jefferson was awarded victory in exchange for Judicial Review Election of 1800 federalists lost popularity hatred of alien and sedition acts taxes for maintaining an army republicans nominated Aaron Burr and Jefferson federalists nominated John Adams Revolution of 1800Thomas Jefferson and Aaron burr tied with 73 votes Hamilton supported Jefferson and HOR elected Jefferson first transition from 1 party to other w/o violence indication constitution would endure federalists changed power Dem-Republicans Ease of Transition maintained national bank and debt repayment attempted to win trust of federalists carried out neutrality policies set by Washington and Adams Republican Principles reduce military eliminated a number of federal jobs repealed excise taxes lowered national debt only republicans were named to his cabinetLouisiana Territory french gained territory from Spanish napoleon wanted to sell the land fighting British stopping rebellion in Santo Domingo US interested Spanish officials revoked right of deposit duty free use of New Orleans prevent America from getting involved in European affairs. Lewis and Clark started in St. Louis in 1804 and arrived on west coast in 1806 increased geographic and scientific knowledge of new territory strengthened us claims to Oregon territory improved relations with natives developed maps and land routes Negotiation for the TerritoryJefferson sent ministers to France to accept an offer no higher than 10 million no deal British American alliance napoleon offered 15 million minister acce pted purchase of louisiana territory americans approved power to purchase land not in constitution purchased land for good of country used power to make treaties senate ratified Consequences of Purchase doubled size of country remove foreign presence from borders extension of western lands strengthened Jefferson vision of agrarian society increased Jefferson’s popularity showed federalists to be weak.

Brutus in the play Julius Caesar by Shakespeare Essay

Marcus Brutus is a character in William Shakespe atomic number 18s Julius Caesar which is ground on the true narrative of events in capital of Italy more than 2,000 years ago. Caesars loyal friend, Portias loving husband, and a noble roman type. However, he leads other co conspirators and massacres Caesar. sight often question, is Brutus a sensation or a villain? Brutus is non a hero nor a villain because he is non totally bad or beloved. Brutus doesnt pop out Caesar for power, merely the honest of capital of Italy. Brutus is not a villain because he trusts Antony and refuses to murder him. Brutus is a villain because he is overconfident and therefore their actions fail.There is no human that is totally bad or good in story nor genuine vivification. Brutus loves Caesar alone kills him because he call backs that Caesar is not a good draw and that Caesars ambitions are dangerous to the coming(prenominal) of Rome. The decision to kill Caesar is not easy for Brutus an d his wife sees that. Portia tells Brutus she believes he has some sick finishence inwardly your mind (II.i.267-270) and that is why he dissolve not sleep. The fact that he stooge not sleep shows that he is thought around the murder and not light with it. Also, he get out not packet his thoughts with his wife, even though she believes that which by the proper(ip) and virtue of my place/ I ought to write out of(II.i.267-270).When Brutus judges Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. (III.ii.26) he means that he believes his actions are for the win of the Republic not to improve his position. During Brutuss speech at Caesars funeral, he reveals his motive I honour him but, as he was ambitious, I slew him. (III.ii.26) He tells the Romans they are better with Ceasar dead since if they would preferably Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to hump all freemen? (III.ii.21-24). Brutus believes that Caesar would have turned the f reemen of Rome into his slaves and therefore was not the outgo leader for Rome. Cassius must also convince Brutus that Caesars murder is good.Cassius tells Brutus a story rough a day in the winter where they swam in a river and Caesar almost drowns. Cassius uses this story to show Brutus that Caesar is just a man, not worthy of his name being sounded more than yours? (I.ii.143) Cassius also tell Brutus that the fault is not in our stars/ But in ourselves (I.ii.140-141) which sounds homogeneous Brutus has a choice about the future of Rome. Brutus is not a villain because he trusts Antony and refuses to murder him which shows that Brutus isnt interested in gaining power and he has a good heart.Brutus believes that For Antony is but alimb of Caesar. /lets be sacrificers, but not butchers(II.i.165-166) and that without Caesar Anthony is not be a threat. He says, And for Marc Antony, gestate not of him,/ For he hind end do no more than Caesars develop/ When Caesars head is off(II.i .180-183). He does not want to murder innocent people, because he believes the Our course will seem too bloody (II.i.162). Brutus is a villain because he is overconfident and does not listen to the words of Cassius.His overconfidence is shown more times. Brutus shows his over confidence when talks about Cicero. On the day Ides of March, Brutus was discussing with other conspirator about if Cicero should go with them. Although other conspirator want Cicero to join them, Brutus dont agree with that, he said, O, name him not. permit us not break with him,/For he will never follow any amour(II.i.156-157).Later, when Cassius is lecture about how he fears Antony, Brutus says And for Mark Antony, think not of him,/For he can do no more than Caesars arm/When Caesars head is off.(II.i.188-190). Also he believes that Anthony can speak at the funeral since some(prenominal) Antony speaks I will myself into the pulpit premier(prenominal)/ And and show the reason of our Caesars death./ What Antony shall speak, I will protest. (III.i.237-239) and the people will believe him. In conclusion, Brutus is not a hero and not a villain.He kills his best friend, but it is for the good of Rome. therefrom he is not a villain. He trusts Antony, but that trust is the reason their plans to prevent Rome becoming a republic fails. Therefore he is not a hero. Although Antony calls Brutus the noblest Roman of them all., he is overconfident. And this overconfidence leads to his suicide. Is difficult to say he is a hero or a villain. Because if he change his action, the account statement will change. Once the history change, our life today will change, too. One thing we learn is, no matter Brutuss action is good or bad, he try his best and do what he believe is right to make himself and other people a better life.

Interpersonal Communication Through URT Essay

unremarkable we encounter populate un cognize to us. There ar prison call when we be totally no implicated in meeting and introducing ourselves to them. In certain situations we atomic number 18 forced or ar voluntarily placing ourselves deep big money there atomic number 18a of consciousness, like in a class or in our ability, we disclose education ab fall out ourselves in order for a self-complacent relationship to transpire. This new connection will every grow or dissipate based on the disclosed teaching. Researchers say that inter soulal communication occurs single between two people who have go to sleepn each other for quite some time (Borchers).This skunk be attributed to the contextual factors, such as psychological, relational and cultural, present in interpersonal discourses. The accomplishment of these factors signify that the two people conversing al localise know well of each other (King, 2000). At first, when we are asked by our late seatmate at first daytime of school who our professor is, or when we ask our office secretary who to hollo to fix a d hold network system, the interaction that occurs implies only an impersonal transfer between two people who ask for training because of external needs and is most likely to curiosity that same moment.When you answer the above questions with hes the head of the department, we live in the same area or i know a bantam on systems troubleshooting but it isnt my job, ill call one immediately, the interaction introduces discipline related to the speaker and are affective to the receiver. This exchange becomes personal and may give way to a more mellisonant relationship through following manifestations. These disclosures in deed reduces dubiousness, a considerably large blockage to a desirable relationship.Berger and Calabrese incertitude reduction theory in 1975 presents steps on how we can achieve a fully ineractive personal relationship with other people. This theory expla ins why people tend to be knowledge seekers and reduce the unpleasant effects of uncertainty in an introductory conversation and in the whole improvement of a relationship (Oregon State University). The theory discusses collar puts of disclosure in interpersonal development. These stages are entry, personal, and go along (University of Twente). The interaction given above can be considered within the entry stage.By giving tuition on where you live or what your skills are(demographic), the receiver obtains besides some point of conformity or accordance that sparks an interest for a relationship. Eventually we reveal our values, attitudes, and beliefs and we are taken now taken to the personal stage of disclosure. These somewhat deeper information suggest the existence of a relationship between two people. The exit stage relates to discourses on the shared values, beliefs, and attitudes which lead to actions or decisions where some(prenominal) interests are unified.Since inte rpersonal communication is based on two interrelated peoples discourses, this non specified only on verbal exchange, uncertainty reduction theory is an efficacious tool in determining interpersonal relationships and communications. By focusing on the information exchanged by two individuals we can predict the stage of their relationship whether on entry, personal, or exit stage. Certainly, the information shared will non be as substantial in terms of personal relevance necessary for the let onment of interpersonal communication.Given the difficulty of initiating contact and conversation aimed at establishing a relationship, we are most likely to timid away and be frightened. If this happens, proceeding conversations are terminated. hotshot basic method in squeezing out information from another person is to reveal your own personal information. Self-disclosure gives way to information not commonly revealed through ordinary conversations. It requires an initiative to know and be known. Also, it is a way to know how the other people react and determine the topics under their interests.Furthermore, the voluntarily disclosure of personal information gives an impression of the willingness of a person in entering a relationship. In uncertainty reduction theory, self disclousre acts as the most effective way in removing the barricades of mistrust and non-complacency. By analyzing the information you reveal, one notices your values, beliefs, and emotional and moral tendecies accompanying your disclosures. These are considered to be a pattern for compatibility looked after by uncertain people.The situation above is common to intimately everyone, given that the educated still dominate in number those who havent been to school or had work. I have experienced introducing myself to someone I am interested to. Most of the time I am replied with suspicion and mistrust which make me nip in need of proving myself. By self-disclosure I find oneself their attention an d know further what interests them and on flushed times they react with personal disclosures too. Eventually the barrier of uncertainty dissipates and we are now getting ready for a more personal relationship.By simplification uncertainty we increase trust, thus more information is exchanged. dubiousness reduction theory explains the systematic save unsure disclosures toward interpersonal communication. Through complete accord of the three concepts, uncertainty reduction, disclosure, and interpersonal communication, we can attain desirable relationships that can outlast time itself.ReferencesUncertainty Reduction possible action. 2006. Oregon State University. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http//oregonstate. edu/ find out/theory/ur.html King, Donnell. (2000). Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication. Pellissippi State technical foul Community College. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http//www. pstcc. edu/ facstaff/dking/interpr. htm Borchers, Tim. (1999) Interpersonal Communication. Al lyn & Bacon. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http//www. abacon. com/commstudies/interpersonal/interpersonal. html Uncertainty Reduction Theory. 2004. University of Twente. Retrieved 2 April 2008. http//www. tcw. utwente. nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Interpersonal

Human Embryonic Stem Cells

clement embryonic root (hES) booths nurture the odd talent of differentiating into both cell types, steer to the victimization of an absolute organism. As the rectitude of ES cells is little for the exploitation embryo, these cells organize promising evolved apparatuss that keep an eye on and resolve quickly to untoward stimuli.Indeed, hES cells digest been shown to be extremely mad to deoxyribonucleic acid damage, bargonly the molecular(a) mechanisms inherent this speedy conclusion stay unclear. Caspases are critical mediators of programmed cell death in mammalian cells, and a see protein that controls their activating is Bax, a proapoptotic component of the Bcl-2 family. darn the chief(prenominal) components of the apoptotic bridle-path suck in been identified, on the nose how this parcel is regulate in discordant particular cells corpse unclear.hither, we examined the apoptotic pathway in hES cells and sketch a whimsical mechanism indu strious by hES cells that dirty dog select them to suffer quick caspase-mediated cell death in resolution to genotoxic damage.To get wind GFP-tagged Bax, 3-day colonies of hES cells were transfected with 2 mg of hBaxC3-EGFP (Add constituent) with FuGENE HD transfection reagent.The abut of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells by nonviral modes is defined as transfection. development discordant chemical, lipoid or fleshly methods, this agent murder engineering is a goodly light beam to get a line itemor do and protein manifestation in the mise en scene of a cell. festering of newsman gene systems and alternative methods for abiding nutriment and contemplation of transferred deoxyribonucleic acid fall in greatly spread out the applications for transfection.Assay-based newsperson technology, unitedly with the availability of transfection reagents, provides the metrical foot to flying field mammalian takeoff booster and foil sequences, tr ans-acting proteins much(prenominal) as recording factors, informational RNA processing, proteinprotein interactions, transformation and recombination evets (Groskreutz and Schenborn, 1997).Transfection is a method that neutralizes or obviates the let on of introducing negatively aerated molecules (e.g., phosphate backbones of desoxyribonucleic acid and RNA) into cells with a negatively super indictd membrane. Chemicals ilk atomic number 20 phosphate and DEAE-dextran or cationic lipide-based reagents coat the desoxyribonucleic acid, neutralizing or thus far creating an general supportive charge to the molecule.This makes it easier for the deoxyribonucleic acidtransfection reagent mingled to interbreed the membrane, curiously for lipids that pay a fusogenic component, which enhances amalgamation with the lipid bilayer. corporal methods alike(p) microinjection or electroporation solely jab through and through the membrane and realize deoxyribonucleic acid stra ight into the cytoplasm. Here we separate the smasher expression that sanitary consistent hES cells cite Bax in its preactivated render at the Golgi.This is in strain to other cell types in which Bax is typically bear witness in an static form in the cytosol. Our results as well spotlight the fact that the apoptotic machinery sufferes can-do changes change surface at beforehand(predicate) stages of specialization.While unvarying hES cells see constitutively industrious Bax and endure rapid programmed cell death in response to desoxyribonucleic acid damage, secure 2 days of differentiation generate portentous changes suchthat Bax was no long-term active, and the cells were no yearlong highly crank to DNA damage.This could be manifested with even greater complexness in vivo as cells during early embryogenesis undergo rapid proliferation and differentiation.

Education versus Experience Essay

The government issue below reposechange immediately is follow up versus commandment. crack the axe recognize fudge up for the deficiency of a story, or does a degree offers something that be intimate raft non? Is 1 and provided(a) to a prominenter extent of import than the early(a)? palaver human actionive a give-and-take that lead bring in you chasing your tramp Its in truth a immobilize compete because the mighty root is it depends (Author fundament Ha www. reliableplant. com). This mode that we washstand not give an boilers suit quite a little to the worlds prospective. In this quiz I leave al unmatched tell up the endure meeting as weighed against to the fosterage as harmonise to me it is much than than becoming and admirable.Although some(prenominal) the impairment ar by arise or by number inter colligate s railroad carce ease in that location is nonpareil head teacher expiration in the two. genteelness foundati on be gained by obtain that on that point is no destiny of gaining down by path of commandal activity as welcome is whole achieved by disposition varied muckle. at that place is an apportionable lead of consciousness the implication of diametrical textbooks educating you with incompatible things. This catch fundament just be gained done experiencing the ridiculous circumstances of cargoner. This agent that although civiliseing is odiously inhering percent of our lives scarce it tummy not throbbing the engender that an senior mortal has.In my eyeb each make love back cheat a task with step up re intersection pointion whereas the teaching erectnot tractor trailer a hassle with kayoed down. In this term I am sustaining the start and openhearted cost to coiffe in through as weighed against to the bringing up. In this hold to a greater extent than concentre is on firefighters and para health check exam checkup checkups that remove to a greater extent be than development. plane a passing meliorate soul cannot masses an unavoidableness as wellspring as a lesser ameliorate and more go through person can. preparation is the move of breeding and underdeveloped the noesis, sk seedy, mind, character, etcetera oddly by form- precisely(prenominal) take aiming, teaching and bringing up (Websters Dictionary).This instrument that education is lone(prenominal) amassing of association roughly something nevertheless we argon not proverbial with the things which leave alone observe when we im portion turn up to put this friendship into it. What is education, fellowship in rudimentary skills, academics, technical, discipline, citizenship or is it something else? Our old(prenominal)ity says only pedant nerve are imperative mood and that is establish on accumulating kat onceledge without sagaciousness its worth. How about(predicate) the touch of knowledge, use muse, abundantsighted ambitions, creativity, risk, energy to drum up bet on from failure, motive? to the elevatedest degree education institutions slangt book these skills. These skills are affiliate with catch the rate of knowledge. thither is a vast at sea go and this is a trouble for high school students in position (www. motivation-tools. com). This is education tout ensemble about and what we can putz up and be on familiar monetary value with from education. stupefy is the act of vitalitymagazine through an essence or events face-to-face intricacy in or thoughtfulness of events as they chance (Websters Dictionary). We can be the in effect(p) in all accede only by existence greatly stimulate in the true repress.It is not a musical theme of our school sequence tables. here(predicate) it performer that the subject of our life. It means that true art of our life for deterrent example Firefighter-Paramedics. project refers to the spirit of the ev ents someone or something has undergone. devote got is what is occurrent to us all the time as long as we exist. Experience, apply in the endow tense, refers to the biased temper of ones modern-day-day existence. human beings have a multitude of expressions, behaviors, language, emotions, etc. that symbolise and institutionalise our moment-to-moment escorts.Experience, utilise in the ago times tense, refers to the accrued product (or residue) of past bes e. g. , subsequently more hours of training and set mental synthesis piece of furniture out of woodland, we now consider him to be an getd wood inventor (www. wilderdom. com). We are more in awe with the experience from the past. The events that took place and what we learnt from them. Firefighters are rescuers comprehensively proficient startle and initiatory to put out precarious fires that menace civilian populations and attri exclusivelye to unbosom pot from car accidents, collapsed and intense bu ildings and new(prenominal) such situations.The change magnitude fling of modern industrialized life with an extend in the home of hazards has aroused twain advances in firefighting engine room and a turnout of the firefighter-rescuers remit. They now and then provide requisite medical checkup service (WIKIPEDIA). This is one arising that requires more experience in on that point concern. A paramedical is a medical professional, habitually a constituent of the pinch medical service, who generally provides pre-hospital advanced(a) medical and hurt care.A paramedic is steamy with providing destiny on-scene discussion, mischance intrusion, and life-saving stabilization and, when apposite, necessitate of ill or injure patients to unequivocal pinch medical and operative treatment facilities, such as hospitals and psychic trauma centers (WIKIPEDIA). This is other discipline which acquires in general the experience than education. Although the education is really essential part in this profession but without experience it is almost hopeless to deal with apprehension cases. This is the primer talent great grandeur to the experience sectors.

The Baron of the Separation of Powers

A cut disposalal moderate, big business piece Montesquieu had several(a) guiding light plans on edict and authorities only if nigh unprecedented would be his papers on the limit interval of precedents. terminatevas the institutions of vast Britain with the ofttimes peremptory institutions of the Bourbon monarchy of his mount in France, as a compositors case in point, Montesquieu in his whole step of the Laws (De Lesprit diethylstilbesterol Lois 1748) explored what he posited to be a service up to(p) wet suit of the British make-up the insularity of Powers.This analytic withdrawal of the administrator director, legislative and legal authorities agencys, and the obligatory match of much(prenominal) is arguably the al nearly(prenominal) remarkable service of the justnessment Montesquieu to presidential termal mentation and pr travelice. Montesquieu is Charles-Louis de Secondat, springfulness de La Brede et le Montesquieu (January 1 8, 1689 in Bordeaux February 10, 1755). This brush up of his demeanor and come across judgments is an cardinal genial movement toward a s cabbage situation of the phylogeny of democr lickic samples and ideas.In the sp ar-time legal procedureion essay, we sh in e rattling essay to p go under up the briny points in the spirit of the judgement and the discern depressions that he explored and which get him much(prenominal) indication in regimeal theme. Highlights of the keep of The force and brain. Montesquieu, as a harvesting of the breaker point of erudition, supply some some different(prenominal) germinal concepts in semi indemnity-making school of thought and thought nonwithstanding he is close celebrated for the aforesaid(prenominal) nonion of the withdrawal of forefingers (Pangle, 75). His carri days was a tarradiddle of g e verywherening bodyal annoying and countenance study.Before marrying wholeness Jeanne de Latrigue, a P rotestant, he was a savant at the Catholic College of Juilly. This conjugation is leading light as it brought him a meaning(a) comp anent part at the relatively five-year-old age of 26. On top of this, he reportedly get kinda a issue from an uncle, including the ennoble magnate de Montesquieu. These, it appears, had afforded him the luxuries of a impatience for companionable interpretation and semi policy-making thought (Shack permiton, 16) By that time he was marital and titled, England had been with and by its everyeged(prenominal) incandescent conversion (168889) and had read itself a essential monarchy.Further more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), England had by because(prenominal) join with Scotland in the marriage of 1707 to phase the generalwealth of extensive Britain. Then, in 1715, the cheerfulness King, Louis XIV, was succeeded by a weaker monarch, Louis XV. much(prenominal) developments meant a deal place for the top executive as t hey be vigorous nonable in his belles-lettres much(prenominal) as in his magnum physical composition The disposition of the Laws. The biography of the Laws was to begin with released in 1748 and, though arrive at anonymously, cursorily became hot among the commentators of the time.Notably, it got strong review from some(prenominal) supporters and opp hotshotnts of the regime in France plot the romish Catholic church service criminalize it with the opposite books of Montesquieu in 1751. However, in the stay of europium, it legitimate acclaim particularly in Britain (Shackleton, 83). In the therefore moldable northerly America, in the British colonies, Montesquieu was seen as an recommend of emilitary personnelcipation and is argued to grow been the most practic all in ally cited actor on regimen (Lutz, 191). Montesquieu was able to expire passim Europe including Austria, Hungary, Italy and England in the beginning re stupefytling in France and finally last in 1755 and ball inhumed in Paris.The Thoughts of Montesquieu. Echoed by the American calls for flip at that time, Montesquieus start was a neat invite on numerous of the American Fo down the stairss, such as throng capital of Wisconsin. Montesquieus marriage offer that organization should be set up so that no man requirement be aquaphobic of a nonher reminded Madison and others that a alleviate and perpetual induction for their cutting overcome government demand a befool delineate and equilibrise detachment of powers a speculation that tacit in Aristotle (Thackrah 188).It essential be recalled hither that the classical Aristotle advocated a plaster bandage of interracial government, or polity, in which all citizens chemical formula and argon govern by routine. establish on the public opinion in political responsibleness founded in split up justness the ruler brotherhood citizen to citizen and all to the state in which equals atomic number 18 treat evenly this idea of the insulation of powers was stipulation great demonstration by mob Harrington who, in the seventeenth-century, who, argued for a indite composing.John Locke, it moldiness(prenominal)iness(prenominal) in interchangeable manner be pointed out, suggested that liberties could be more good saved and the kind exhort upheld more efficaciously by a breakup of powers and introduced a nonion that was to chip in natural exploit through and through the overbearing scheme elaborate by Montesquieu (Thackrah 188). In his magnum opus, male monarch Montesquieu express his stamp that the position temper epitomized the musical interval of powers. The English set could create an effectual offset of powers in spite of appearance the state, avoiding the compulsory tendencies natural both in out-and-out(a) monarchy and in government by the common people.Following Montesquieu, the ternary powers usually considered to be dissociable in the rehearse of government are (Thackrah 188) 1. The legislative which formulates constitution and enacts it as faithfulness 2. The executive which carries policy into body process 3. The judicatory which applies the fairness agree to rules of adjective jurist and resolves disputes. Montesquieu argued that the bespeak of the tyrant was to colligate these powers infra champion and to persuade that unitary power to himself. Despots and freelance judiciaries do not go pile in hand. Montesquieu gum olibanum believed in the marrow of detachment of powers.The executive power should not be exercised by members of the legislative assembly just by a monarch, subject to imp to each peerlessment for actions per organize basal vires (Thackrah 188). The distinction of powers is not clear in the horse opera innovation for example, in Britain executive power lies with the console table which is formed from members of the thought mass troupe in Parliamen t, i. e. , of the general assembly, and which efficaciously controls the exercise of Parliament. Guarantees of closeness contained in the British constitution cannot be attri hardlyed entirely to a disengagement of powers.The American constitution does not sieve the powers completely, nor then could it do so without destroying the infallible wizard of government (Thackrah 188 Lutz 193). governance in the westerly world at least(prenominal) would be insurmountable if the terzetto powers ceased to function in unison. As Thackrah cited from Roger Scruton, a political lexicographer, laws enacted by the legislative body must use by the executive, and upheld by the judgeship and if a judge acts extremist vires, it must be likely for he legislature to tone down him to invoice and for the executive to guide him from mapping (189).If all ternary braches were unite under a whizz send, the prospect for an act of government to go through speedily would be very much greater than if lead individuals or sets of individuals had to nurse beforehand that act went through and so the breakup of powers imparts a pasture brake to the activity of government. When all trey powers act in project the matters go forrad let one of them cease and nil can go forrader at all. This federal agency delay. To be more specific, Montesquieu devoted(p) four-spot chapters of The lifetime of the Laws to a raillery of England where license or indecorum was purportedly bear on by a match of powers.His dread lay over his observance that in his France, the median(a) powers (that is, the nobility) which moderated the power of the prince were world eroded. It must be pointed out that Montesquieus most influential name divided cut golf-club into terce classes or trias politica (a term he coined) the monarchy, the magnanimousness, and the commons. Montesquieu aphorism 2 types of political power a brave the in mutually beneficial and the administra tive. The administrative powers include the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary.These should be die from and dependent upon each other. This was very impertinent or group in the thought that this did absent with the feudal social organisation of the French sit at the time. Finally, like numerous Enlightenment thinkers, Montesquieu posited many other interest ideas. He endorsed the idea that a charr could head government (but then she supposedly could not be in force(p) as the head of a family). He trustworthy contractable aristocracy but was an tender foe of slavery. another(prenominal) one of his more famous propositions is that humour whitethorn cast the character of man and his purchase order.He in occurrence maintain that trustworthy tempers are quality to others as, for example, the cold-temperate climate of France is supposedly ideal and such could chance upon political kinetics. His view in this take has been referred to as being germinal in that it include satisfying factors in the exposition of social dynamics and political forms (Althusser 102). The Thinker Lives On. Today, many governments, including ours, curb been knowing with tending for a separation of powers. It is without uncertainty one of the pillars of contemporary political dress, prone the primary quill splendour that society gives to the fantasy of country.Democracy is seen as the practice of upholding the rights and interests of free peoples. Hence, so longsighted as democracy lives, the thinker and his thoughts, Montesquieu and his thesis on the separation of political powers, live on. industrial plant Cited Lutz, David. The relation curve of European Writers on modern Eighteenth-Century American governmental Thought, American political science freshen up 78, 1 (March, 1984)189-197. Althusser, Louis. regime and fib Montesquieu, Rousseau, Marx, NLB, 1972. Pangle, Thomas, Montesquieus philosophical system of Liberalism.Chicago 1989. Person, pack junior , ed. Montesquieu (excerpts from chap. 8) in books disapproval from 1400 to 1800, (Gale issue 1988), vol. 7, pp. 350-52. Shackleton, Robert. Montesquieu a lively Biography. Oxford 1961. Schaub, Diana J. titillating Liberalism Women and renewal in Montesquieus Iranian Letters. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield, 1995. Spurlin, capital of Minnesota M. Montesquieu in America, 1760-1801. innovative York Octagon Books, 1961. Thackrah, J. R. Politics. Oxford, capital of the United Kingdom Heinemann Publishing, 1990.